{"id":9548,"date":"2023-10-01T12:49:21","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T05:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/?p=9548"},"modified":"2023-10-01T12:49:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T05:49:21","slug":"dia-chi-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/vi\/dia-chi-bitcoin\/","title":{"rendered":"So s\u00e1nh 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Bitcoin: P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPSKH…, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin<\/a> P2PKH, P2WSH,\u00a0<\/strong>P2SH…\u00a0 <\/b>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bitcoin. V\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn bitcoin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e9!<\/strong><\/p>\n

P2PK<\/b><\/h2>\n

P2PK (Pay-to-public-key)l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bitcoin ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, P2PK g\u1eedi bitcoin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khi Satoshi Nakamoto g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n cho Hal Finney.<\/span><\/p>\n

P2PK kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 k\u00e9m an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 0 | 03\/01\/2009<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\n04678afdb0fe5548271967f\u2026384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~1.7 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 9%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2PKH<\/b><\/h2>\n

P2PKH (Pay-to-public-key-hash) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bitcoin<\/a> theo \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean blockchain sau kh\u1ed1i genesis ch\u1ec9 hai tu\u1ea7n. P2PKH c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n P2PK b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bitcoin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2PKH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 34 ho\u1eb7c 33 k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng Base58 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 1. N\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 43% ngu\u1ed3n cung bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2PKH, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m th\u00f4ng qua SHA-256 v\u00e0 RIPEMD-160. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n reverse-engineering kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 728 | 16\/01\/2009<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n12higDjoCCNXSA95xZMWUdPvXNmkAduhWv<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~8.3 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 43%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Bitcoin P2MS<\/b><\/h2>\n

P2MS (Pay-to-Multisig) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bitcoin \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2012, do BIP 11 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

P2MS g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 P2PK: kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng multi-sig).<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, P2MS \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi P2SH, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 164,467 | 29 th\u00e1ng 1, 2012<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong P2PK<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~43 BTC ho\u1eb7c 0.0002%\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2SH<\/b><\/h2>\n

P2SH (Pay-to-Script-hash) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bitcoin<\/a> linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t soft-fork thu\u1ed9c BIP 16. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c. P2SH ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c (a redeem script) thay v\u00ec b\u0103m m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a chung (a single public key).<\/span><\/p>\n

P2SH ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c (redeem script) thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch bitcoin nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2SH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e2ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c script ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a P2SH l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u00ed SegWit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2SH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 34 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Bip13. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi soft fork di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kh\u1ed1i 170.052.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 174,717 | 07\/04\/ 2012<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\n342ftSRCvFHfCeFFBuz4xwbeqnDw6BGUey<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~ 4.6 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 24%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2WPKH<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u00a0P2WPKH (Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau soft fork r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean “The Blocksize War” c\u1ee7a Jonathan Bier.<\/span><\/p>\n

P2WPKH ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong> v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch P2WPKH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a P2PKH, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a Bech32 thay v\u00ec Base58. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2WPKH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 42 k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/strong> v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 bc1q<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 481,824 | 23\/08\/ 2017<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\nbc1q34aq5drpuwy3wgl9lhup9892qp6svr8ldzyy7c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~ 3.8 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 20%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00ed P2WSH<\/b><\/h2>\n

P2WSH (Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a P2SH. P2WSH ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 hash script thay v\u00ec m\u00e3 hash kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp multisig.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2WSH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 62 k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/strong> v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 bc1q<\/strong>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256, kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m RIPEMD-160. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 481,824 | 23\/08\/ 2017<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\nbc1qeklep85ntjz4605drds6aww9u0qr46qzrv5xswd35uhjuj8ahfcqgf6hak<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n~ 0.8 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 4%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nested Segwit (P2SH-P2WPKH v\u00e0 P2SH-P2WSH)<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nested SegWit (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Wrapped SegWit) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit c\u0169 (P2WPKH v\u00e0 P2WSH) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bitcoin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c node ch\u01b0a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 SegWit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi SegWit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 node ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Native SegWit m\u1edbi l\u00e0 P2WPKH v\u00e0 P2WSH. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn bitcoin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c node c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec SegWit cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nested SegWit gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2SH. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2SH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bitcoin sau n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nested SegWit, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng bitcoin n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi SegWit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nested SegWit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng SegWit. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c node bitcoin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 SegWit m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng r\u00f5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\nNh\u01b0 P2SH<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\nT\u1eadp con kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a P2SH<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2TR<\/b><\/h2>\n

Pay-to-Taproot (P2TR) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua soft-fork Taproot v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2021<\/strong>. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng P2TR v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Bitcoin v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi P2WPKH v\u00e0 P2WSH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 SegWit V0, P2TR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 SegWit V1. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, P2TR s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Schnorr, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ECDSA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd Schnorr c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang t\u01b0, P2TR k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 multisig kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 singlesig. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, P2TR c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ed1c, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau bitcoin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 P2TR c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 62 k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a Bech32m<\/strong>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 bc1p<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\nBlock 709,632 | 13\/11\/2021<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td>\nbc1pxwww0ct9ue7e8tdnlmug5m2tamfn7q06sahstg39ys4c9f3340qqxrdu9k<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n0.02 tri\u1ec7u BTC ho\u1eb7c 1%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bitcoin tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n cung BTC*<\/span><\/td>\nT\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch*<\/span><\/td>\nM\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/span><\/td>\nTi\u1ec1n t\u1ed1<\/span><\/td>\nK\u00ed t\u1ef1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2PK<\/span><\/td>\n01\/2009<\/span><\/td>\n9% (1.7tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2PKH<\/span><\/td>\n01\/2009<\/span><\/td>\n43%\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(8.3 tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\n

Gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nBase 58<\/span><\/td>\n1<\/span><\/td>\n26-34<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2MS<\/span><\/td>\n01\/2012<\/span><\/td>\nkh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2SH<\/span><\/td>\n04\/2012<\/span><\/td>\n24%\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(4,6 tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\n

Gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nBase 58<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n34<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2WPKH<\/span><\/td>\n08\/2017<\/span><\/td>\n20%\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(3,8 tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\n

T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nBech32<\/span><\/td>\nbc1q<\/span><\/td>\n42<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2WSH<\/span><\/td>\n08\/2017<\/span><\/td>\n4%\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(0,8 tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\n

T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nBech32<\/span><\/td>\nbc1q<\/span><\/td>\n62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2TR<\/span><\/td>\n11\/2021<\/span><\/td>\n0,1%\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(0,02 tri\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/td>\n

T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nBech32m<\/span><\/td>\nbc1p<\/span><\/td>\n62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1edfi <\/span>BitcoinVN News<\/b><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Unchained<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin P2PKH, P2WSH,\u00a0P2SH…\u00a0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bitcoin. V\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn bitcoin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e9! P2PK P2PK (Pay-to-public-key)l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bitcoin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":9549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topic-guide"],"yoast_head":"\nSo s\u00e1nh 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Bitcoin: P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPSKH...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Bitcoin P2PKH, P2WSH... l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. 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