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Remember that back in the late 1990s \/ early 2000s, the USA banned the export of cryptographic.<\/span>technology with a cipher strength of greater than 56 bits or some such.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n That affected people like open source developers who were working on.<\/span> OpenSWAN, OpenVPN, etc, as well as companies who.<\/span>were working on emerging internet-grade cryptography.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Many of those companies and individuals left the USA at that point. The OpenSWAN project as a whole picked up and moved to Canada.<\/span><\/p>\n Dmitry Sklyarov was arrested and jailed by the FBI for pointing out.<\/span>that the “encryption” found in Adobe e-book files was basically rot-13. That caused a major shutdown of cryptography research and development in the USA.<\/span><\/p>\n Companies that did continue development were forced to offshore.<\/span>their development to countries like India, Mexico and Vietnam in order to continue to serve.<\/span>their world-wide customer base as well as that in the USA.<\/span>(oddly enough crypto tech could enter the USA but could never leave). Cryptography jobs in the USA dried up and so universities stopped.<\/span> teaching.<\/span>techniques because there was no market for them.<\/span><\/p>\n The USA has never been able to climb out out of the hole it.<\/span>dug for itself because for several years there was no work being done.<\/span>or teaching of encryption technologies in the USA,.<\/span>so when the restrictions loosened they were already 5 to 10 years.<\/span>behind the rest of the world, which in internet time counts as millenia.<\/span><\/p>\n