{"id":6603,"date":"2021-11-01T09:51:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-01T02:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.bitcoinvn.io\/?p=6603"},"modified":"2021-11-18T08:57:47","modified_gmt":"2021-11-18T01:57:47","slug":"proof-of-stake-tu-duy-ky-thuat-sai-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/vi\/proof-of-stake-tu-duy-ky-thuat-sai-lam\/","title":{"rendered":"Proof-of-Stake & T\u01b0 duy k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hugo Nguyen <\/b><\/strong>\u0111\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 19\/03\/2018, <\/em>Boonja<\/b><\/strong> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p>\n

BVNews<\/strong> tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng mang \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Proof-Of-Stake (PoS \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n) l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian qua. Ethereum Casper, Cardano Ouroboros v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. L\u00fd do c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c PoS thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 blockchain kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng giao th\u1ee9c Proof-of-Work (PoW \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c) b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u201cg\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed\u201d. (Nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y<\/u><\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 PoW)<\/p>\n

Khi b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c PoS, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi [1]<\/b><\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m s\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n, chia c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp\/mua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y hay b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng a) th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 b) ngay c\u1ea3 khi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 0.1% th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd<\/i><\/em>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra sau n\u00e0y \u2013 Nassim Taleb g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Nga \u0110en<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9o theo th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hy h\u1eefu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y mai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n y\u00ean b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t 10 ho\u1eb7c 100 n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Bitcoin x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Trong gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng then ch\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 ba d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng then ch\u1ed1t: then ch\u1ed1t cho an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh<\/i><\/em>. Bitcoin tho\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y (m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng). Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho ph\u1ea1m vi sai s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m ng\u1ee7 ngon ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/u><\/a>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Bitcoin, v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sai m\u1ed9t ly \u0111i m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m, th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nghe r\u1ea5t hay tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd gi\u00fap minh ho\u1ea1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

1) Tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay Concorde (2003)<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Concorde (1976-2003) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch si\u00eau thanh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tai n\u1ea1n<\/u><\/a>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e1y bay chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u1ed1p b\u00e1nh xe m\u00e1y bay ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. Concorde t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

2) S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e0u con thoi Challenger (1986)<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>NASA ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a phi v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 tr\u00ean 100.000. Richard Feynman sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 do v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m cao su m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/u><\/a>\u00a0v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fac c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7m 2\u00b0C. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1 tr\u00ean 100. NASA \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 g\u1ea5p t\u1eadn c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n!<\/p>\n

3) Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima (2011)<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima<\/u><\/a>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra do ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 k\u00e9p: m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t 9 \u0111\u1ed9 richter m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, k\u00e9o theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n cao 15 m\u00e9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng then ch\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u2026<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 PoW v\u00e0 PoS ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 chia c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t [2].<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129: su\u1ed1t phong tr\u00e0o M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng BGP<\/u><\/a>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Twitter c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tinh vi h\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c \u201ct\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda\u201d Great Firewall \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp Internet.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u2013 khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00ec b\u00ean n\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PoW v\u00e0 PoS trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ra sao? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. <\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i chung cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u00fat thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Trong PoW, c\u00e1c n\u00fat s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t: chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u PoW \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5t (v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t). S\u1ebd \u0111au l\u00f2ng khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu\u1ed7i b\u1ecb qu\u00e9t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n trong PoS, c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d h\u01a1n c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi PoW, PoS kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u201ct\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d gi\u1eefa 2 chu\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, tr\u1eeb phi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quy t\u1eafc tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao th\u1ee9c PoS kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao th\u1ee9c PoS th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 g\u1eaft gao trong vi\u1ec7c \u201cph\u1ea1t\u201d nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trung th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i!<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh. <\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Th\u1eadt ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u201c\u0111ang ch\u1ea1y\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra s\u1ebd \u00edt l\u1ea1i. Khi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra cao h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy c\u1eadp s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy c\u1eadp \u2013 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 3: PoS c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp.<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. \u201c1% trong gi\u1edbi crypto\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao h\u1ecd n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung coin.<\/p>\n

Kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u coin PoS nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh vi (b\u1eaft c\u00f3c, tra t\u1ea5n, t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n, v.v.). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 thay v\u00ec thu\u00ea ho\u1eb7c mua coin tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb coin trong l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra. K\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 thay, khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn vector t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao th\u1ee9c PoS th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c mua coin tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t coin PoS ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u00e0ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7\u201d n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 c\u0169 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y n\u1eefa).<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n trong PoW, gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m (hash rate).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong PoW? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau hai l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau hai l\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i chi th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. Gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1edbi nghe qua th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, giao th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 (d\u00f9 c\u00e1c n\u00fat SPV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u01a1i b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i \u2013 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u01a1n). \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i, do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd c\u01a1n b\u00e3o qua \u0111i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n PoW.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m trong PoW kh\u00f4ng trao cho k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi V\u00c0 chi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 hai l\u1edbp<\/i><\/em>. Khi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a PoW, tuy v\u1eady, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n trong PoS s\u1ebd trao cho b\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau gian l\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 trong PoW. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 a) vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch, n\u1ebfu giao th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra (checkpoint) ho\u1eb7c b) t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, n\u1ebfu giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 giao th\u1ee9c Casper<\/u><\/a>). Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong PoW, chi ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n PoS g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, PoW mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/i>PoW b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/i><\/em>khi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n ra, PoW c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
  2. <\/i>PoW b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9:<\/i><\/em>D\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1eady n\u00ean s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    PoS kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o trong hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 PoS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 2, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung<\/u><\/a>\u00a0m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n nan gi\u1ea3i [3].<\/p>\n

    (*Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong Ph\u1ea7n 2<\/u><\/a>)<\/p>\n

    \u2026<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c blockchain v\u00e0 Bitcoin l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng then ch\u1ed1t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c PoS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng may x\u1ea3y ra.<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0PoS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sai h\u01b0\u1edbng: h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thay v\u00ec n\u00e2ng n\u00f3 l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    \u2026<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n 2: Proof-of-Stake, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng.<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

    [1]: Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 PoS: Andrew Poelstra, \u201cOn Stake & Consensus\u201d: <\/i><\/em>https:\/\/download.wpsoftware.net\/bitcoin\/pos.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

    [2]: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ethan Heilman v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y:<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<\/i><\/u><\/em>https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2015\/263.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

    [3]: C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi t\u1eadp trung, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i m\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Chung quy l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung. <\/i><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Hugo Nguyen \u0111\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 19\/03\/2018, Boonja chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. BVNews tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng mang \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. Proof-Of-Stake (PoS \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n) l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian qua. Ethereum Casper, Cardano Ouroboros v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. L\u00fd do […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5712],"tags":[47,9177,9178],"class_list":["post-6603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","tag-bao-ve-tai-san","tag-pos","tag-proof-of-stake"],"yoast_head":"\nProof-of-Stake & T\u01b0 duy k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m - BitcoinVN News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m ng\u1ee7 ngon ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin, v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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