{"id":5544,"date":"2020-10-09T12:28:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-09T05:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.bitcoinvn.io\/?p=5544"},"modified":"2020-10-09T12:28:35","modified_gmt":"2020-10-09T05:28:35","slug":"lich-su-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/vi\/lich-su-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"To\u00e0n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Khi Satoshi Nakamoto c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng Bitcoin trong n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 “m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ngang h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed”. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Blockchain <\/a>\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kinh doanh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1eafn t\u1eaft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a blockchain v\u00e0 cryptocurrency<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Bitcoin. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau khi s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng<\/a> c\u1ee7a Nakamoto \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf n\u0103m 2009. Blockchain ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1. V\u00ec n\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ai xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u1ea3. T\u00ednh minh m\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung Bitcoin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi blockchain h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 email v\u00e0 Internet v\u1eady. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed blockchain kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Bitcoin<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cho t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng Bitcoin<\/a> v\u00e0 blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 2014 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i m\u1edf, phi t\u1eadp trung ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa hai ph\u00eda m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a blockchain mang \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, y t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh (Smart Contract) Ethereum<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Bitcoin Magazine v\u00e0 blockchain Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Bitcoin. Nh\u01b0ng Buterin \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n BTC v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t blockchain linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin n\u00ean anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t blockchain c\u00f4ng khai th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ethereum.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai chu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c ETH v\u00e0 BTC l\u00e0 Ethereum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3n vay hay h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ethereum.<\/p>\n

Smart contract<\/a> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean blockchain ETH. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang, thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Microsoft, BBVA v\u00e0 UBS. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (Proof of Stake)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Blockchain hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Proof of Work). L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00ed (mining) giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a blockchain \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ethereum th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Proof of Stake.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (Proof of Stake) c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Proof of Work – l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi Proof of Stake, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t block m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ecd b\u1ecf v\u00e0o (stake).<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Proof of Stake, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. M\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Vitalik, \u01b0u ti\u00ean Proof of Stake v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong blockchain.<\/p>\n

“Scaling” – C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u00f9ng x\u1eed l\u00ed m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u00e1 ch\u1eadm. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho chuy\u1ec7n scaling c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch. Trong khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain. Th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ef1c k\u00ec \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1. S\u1ebd c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi blockchain mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 non tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 blockchain c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hay ho kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi Satoshi Nakamoto c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng Bitcoin trong n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 “m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ngang h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed”. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[108,7087,7086],"class_list":["post-5544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-basic-guide","tag-blockchain","tag-hop-dong-thong-minh","tag-smart-contract"],"yoast_head":"\nTo\u00e0n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain - BitcoinVN News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 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