{"id":5148,"date":"2020-05-06T16:29:02","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T09:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.bitcoinvn.io\/?p=5148"},"modified":"2020-05-06T16:35:07","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T09:35:07","slug":"tat-ca-21-trieu-bitcoin-deu-da-ton-tai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/vi\/tat-ca-21-trieu-bitcoin-deu-da-ton-tai\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 21 tri\u1ec7u Bitcoin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

“M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean sang b\u00ean kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.”<\/em><\/p>\n

-Ludwig Von Mises, Human Action<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i bitcoin th\u1ee9 600,000, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf kho\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng bitcoin th\u1ee9 18 tri\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1eb5n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y nghe kh\u00e1 l\u1eaft l\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng bitcoin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con qu\u00e1i th\u00fa kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u0129 c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta suy t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 n\u00f3. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a bitcoin r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c HODL-er lan to\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean bitcoin \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf – s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n khan hi\u1ebfm, phi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb s\u1edbm cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu bitcoin tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi sai t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong bitcoin, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o coin. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed bitcoin kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 h\u01a1n, hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i\/s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra kho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 bitcoin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “n\u01a1i” m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eady li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email hay \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c. “Mining” – \u0111\u00e0o coin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng sai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gia t\u0103ng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bitcoin, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c FUD v\u00e2y quanh bitcoin b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i sao 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 HOLD BTC hay kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin? T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c? 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n cung s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung bitcoin so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u00e1c “\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng”. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh bitcoin v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c: V\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n cung bitcoin v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0ng (AU) trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 bitcoin cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf chuy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung. V\u00ec v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/a> v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/em>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng cung bitcoin, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111ang b\u1ecb kho\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 BTC tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 BTC \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eef tr\u00ean blockchain. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau BTC s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng giao d\u1ecbch coinbase<\/a> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang gi\u1eef, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u bitcoin, s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 BTC \u0111\u00f3 sang ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tao ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 m\u1ed7i 2016 kh\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi n\u00e0o 3 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin \u0111ang kho\u00e1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i 10 ph\u00fat). S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a bitcoin. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, chi ph\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o trong ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, hay t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cung c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 cao, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n cung h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng bitcoin t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung 21 tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi node \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn khi mua \u0111\u1ed3ng bitcoin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bitcoin, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/a>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c<\/a>, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n hard fork th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c node ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n patch cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. R\u1ea5t may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi theo ngh\u0129a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 21 tri\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh full node kh\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 21 tri\u1ec7u.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 AU, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai thai v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng cung t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ed1i.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1eady Bitcoin Mining l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trong bitcoin c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 tr\u00ean blockchain, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai ph\u00e1t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef k\u00ed t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9, ai \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BTC.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao bitcoin l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng SHA-256 hashes<\/a> \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi – c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o coin (mining).<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u hash SHA-256 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee3i x\u1eed l\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hash SHA-256 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/a>. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi full node theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ecbch coinbase<\/a> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n cung m\u1edbi, hay ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch coinbase \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hash SHA-256?<\/p>\n

\n
\"C\u00f3
C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. 52% tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea1ng cung n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, 48% tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n cung. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c…<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh full node v\u00e0 HODLer. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh node kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bitcoin, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t bitcoin n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bitcoin hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u1ed1i 630,000 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee3t halving ti\u1ebfp theo, full node c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 12.5 BTC, hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 6.25?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Node c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o th\u1eed g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch coinbase m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a node, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4i tu\u00e2n theo. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bitcoin l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n bitcoin l\u00e0 21 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hash \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh hash SHA-256 (hay thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh hash cho m\u1ea1ng bitcoin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c holder bitcoin ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 “c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” tu\u00e2n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c holder v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh full node.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n quan t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n giao ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 coinbase v\u00e0 thu ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch (mining), ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch coinbase BTC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 50 BTC n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed7i 210,000 kh\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi 21 tri\u1ec7u BTC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, trong n\u0103m 2140. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao “ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch” tr\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t may cho “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o”, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chuy\u1ec7n ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd sinh l\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u1eddi d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng kinh doanh (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p), ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eaft m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o, hashrate c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n 10 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c hashrate th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung trung b\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bitcoin t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u1eddi khi b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bitcoin, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eb7t b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u0103m (hash) m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi BTC, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi m\u00e3i m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n

“Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 l\u00e0 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n mang l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung ti\u1ec1n.”<\/p>\n

-Ludwig Von Mises, Li thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sau khi Satoshi t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Hal Finney \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tham gia m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc “Big Bang”. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh hash \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 truy c\u1eadp s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn bitcoin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng HODLer t\u01b0\u01a1ng tai v\u00e0 “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh hash \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngang b\u1eb1ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 b\u1edfi HODLer v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong 2009, mang bitcoin ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n 50 BTC r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n 12.5 BTC \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 100 exahash \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai tham gia m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra kho\u1ea3ng 14% (3tr\/21tr)\u00a0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u00e1ng 10\/2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi b\u00ean tham gia m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngang nhau, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1eedi PoW h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt giao d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 c\u1ee7a bitcoin \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u00f4n sinh l\u1eddi cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bitcoin.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. T\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 11 n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch bitcoin, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00ed kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, n\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 hash.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BTC m\u00e0 b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. M\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn bitcoin l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n. Ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n kinh ng\u1ea1c m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi theo th\u1eddi gian. Bitcoin gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed1c 21 tri\u1ec7u. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i 21 tri\u1ec7u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1ea5y l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1”.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khan hi\u1ebfm tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1edd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn. T\u0103ng phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1 theo th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n cung bitcoin ra to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, khi m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh full node kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o, c\u00e1c holder c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 21 tri\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh khan hi\u1ebfm n\u00e0y d\u00e0n d\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi “hold \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft”, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i c\u1ee7a 21 tri\u1ec7u BTC v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, trung l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay, t\u1eeb khi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 ai hay \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eafm gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bitcoin, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi bitcoin theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean blockchain hay bitcoin theo d\u00f5i b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau PoW v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khan hi\u1ebfm k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1. Bitcoin theo d\u00f5i b\u1edfi blockchain ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c coin giao d\u1ecbch. L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 coin kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 bitcoin.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 21 tri\u1ec7u bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: unchained-capital.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean sang b\u00ean kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.” -Ludwig Von Mises, Human Action<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3813],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 21 tri\u1ec7u Bitcoin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i - BitcoinVN News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 bitcoin cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf chuy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/news\/vi\/tat-ca-21-trieu-bitcoin-deu-da-ton-tai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 21 tri\u1ec7u Bitcoin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i - 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