Ethereum c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u blockchain kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xoay quanh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ethereum.
\n<\/p>\n
Ethereum l\u00e0 blockchain n\u1ed5i danh th\u1ee9 hai sau Bitcoin, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 BTC.
\nB\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c code c\u1ee9ng, blockchain Ethereum hi\u1ec7n nay x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 15 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh quen thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb VISA, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn 45,000 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ethereum v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng blockchain kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ethereum th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Bitcoin. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n scalability – t\u1ee9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ethereum<\/a> c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n C\u1ea3 Ethereum v\u00e0 Bitcoin \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba gi\u1eef t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec Ethereum ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c “node”. M\u1ed7i node l\u01b0u gi\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch Ethereum. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i 10 – 12 gi\u00e2y khi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e2ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n. Th\u00ec node s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “\u0111\u00e1nh bay” m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c node ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. <– S\u1ebd l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/em><\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t node, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u01a1n cho ch\u00fang ta. Th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p xoay chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Ethereum \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i node c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. “Sharding” l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “database sharding” (chia nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y chia c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a sharding l\u00e0 c\u1eaft b\u1edbt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 “full” node. T\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng node ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i node l\u01b0u m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu node n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 giao d\u1ecbch, v\u1ec1 block m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u. Th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm node kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin c\u1eady. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00e1c node ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau. B\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft node kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng, chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Ethereum mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng “ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e3 ho\u00e1”, h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c node chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho node kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb M\u1ea1ng Lightning<\/a> c\u1ee7a Bitcoin<\/a>. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n blockchain, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng internet nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n Giao d\u1ecbch “off-chain” ki\u1ec3u Lightning gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn mong ch\u1edd. \u0110\u1ee7 nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n cung. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean trung gian n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n vi m\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i blockchain, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n L\u00ed do c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i blockchain b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ethereum kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c full node Ethereum.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3. S\u1ebd c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa trong m\u1ea3ng scaling.<\/p>\n Theo t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Ethereum – Vitalik Buterin – m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf “t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb VISA” ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nghi ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Buterin. V\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai qua tr\u00ean blockchain c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ethereum hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a blockchain n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u hi v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (scaling) c\u1ee7a blockchain Ethereum. C\u00f3 hai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n scaling l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Ethereum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ethereum c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u blockchain kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xoay quanh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5609,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topic-guide"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ea1i sao scaling l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Ethereum: Sharding “Chia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb”<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c cho scaling: Giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i (Off-chain)<\/strong><\/h2>\n
M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n