{"id":5370,"date":"2020-07-17T08:00:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-17T01:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.bitcoinvn.io\/?p=5370"},"modified":"2020-07-16T09:51:15","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T02:51:15","slug":"lightning-network-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/vi\/lightning-network-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lightning Network l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Lightning Bitcoin v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n nghe v\u1ec1 Lightning Network? V\u00e0 nghe phong thanh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Bitcoin giao d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng Lightning l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi Bitcoin.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Khi Bitcoin l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Satoshi Nakamoto<\/a> n\u0103m 2008, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a James A. Donald c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n

\n

“the way I understand your proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

(Theo c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a anh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u)<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m sau, 2020, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (scalability) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, Bitcoin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 7 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Bitcoin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn qua con s\u1ed1 sau: VISA trung b\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00ed 24,000 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 50,000 giao d\u1ecbch. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Bitcoin ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 7 giao d\u1ecbch\/gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh\/th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u coin kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng Bitcoin, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Bitcoin Cash<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Lightning Network.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng Lightning (Lightning Network) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i n\u1ed9i dung. Tin nh\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i tr\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd mang b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. B\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cao l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Bitcoin. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Lightning Network nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y b\u00ean kia.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau Lightning Network c\u1ee7a Bitcoin l\u00e0 v\u1ea7y: Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t tr\u00ean blockchain.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ng Lightning th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Bitcoin v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, giao d\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u00ec r\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u00ed lu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng Lightning v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u00e3y xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u00e8o. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n cho nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady T\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u00e8o c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Lightning.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, T\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u00e8o c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00ed \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00ed (multisignature wallet), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u00f9ng chung v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi 3 BTC v\u00e0o v\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, T\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhau. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n tr\u1eef trong v\u00ed chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 T\u00ed g\u1eedi T\u00e8o 1 BTC, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng kho\u00e1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00eanh Lightning<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n khi k\u00eanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh “chia ti\u1ec1n”. N\u1ebfu T\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00eanh sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean, T\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 BTC v\u00e0 T\u00e8o c\u00f3 4 BTC.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 sau khi k\u00eanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean blockchain Bitcoin. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Lightning v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i hay h\u01a1n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u00eanh cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n. M\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng chung k\u00eanh. T\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Lightning v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn mua m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi Bitcoin. Nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 qua, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh c\u1ee7a Lightning Network s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng Lightning di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i l\u1edbp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a blockchain, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1 hay ho \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean Lightning Network l\u00e0 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e9o chu\u1ed7i (cross-chain atomic swaps). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i token gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c blockchain kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec lo\u1ea1i coin n\u00e0o sang m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i coin kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed5i token \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa blockchain Bitcoin v\u00e0 Litecoin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng Lightning?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lightning Network \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Joseph Poon v\u00e0 Thaddeus Dryja n\u0103m 2015 – phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ba nh\u00f3m \u0111ang c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng Lightning l\u00e0: Blockstream, Lightning Labs v\u00e0 ACINQ, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i startup tr\u00ean \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c Lightning vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\"Blockstream<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Blockstream vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"Lightning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Lightning Labs \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Lightning Network Daemon (lnd) vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Golang.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"ACINQ<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ACINQ ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Scala.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u00ean GitHub<\/a>. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Lightning Network?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Lightning. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho Bitcoin, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 Stellar, Litecoin, Zcash, Ethereum v\u00e0 Ripple.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi nh\u1eadn qua c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Blockstream, Lightning Labs v\u00e0 ACINQ. Ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ba phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt<\/a> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Lightning c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ea1ng Lightning v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng testnet c\u1ee7a Bitcoin v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00ean g\u1eedi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng coin th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin, Lightning Network v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. N\u00ean c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng Lightning th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e9o chu\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch phi t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Lightning Bitcoin<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa. Giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay t\u1ee9c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 VISA hay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh c\u1ee7a Lightning. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Lightning Network. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Bitcoin chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thanh to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mua h\u00e0ng, mua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lightning Network \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a con s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao. L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 tri\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e9o chu\u1ed7i (Cross-chain atomic swaps)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 hai blockchain c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 (cryptographic hash function), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y sang chu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00ean trung gian th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0 s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ea9n danh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9n danh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Giao d\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i t\u1eeb v\u00ed n\u00e0y sang v\u00ed kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Lightning, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra ngo\u00e0i blockchain ch\u00ednh. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thanh to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua k\u00eanh Lightning s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Lightning Network l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 100%. N\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac ch\u1ea1y th\u1eadt s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u0103ng? Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hay, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u1ea1ng Lightning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh trung gian? Ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u0103ng cao l\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bitcoin trong v\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00fac kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i l\u1edbn (Hub)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c hub – \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i trung gian l\u1edbn – m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111i qua. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch hay l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo ng\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Lightning Network?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng Lightning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 khi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m: L\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u1edd xem c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ea1ng Lightning kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t cho chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean, hai c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n chi\u1ebfm th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lightning Network \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Bitcoin. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hodl, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Lightning l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn an to\u00e0n khi x\u1eed l\u00ed s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem Bitcoin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng Lightning n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Thanh to\u00e1n vi m\u00f4, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ea9n danh, ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p – \u0110\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Bitcoin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n nghe v\u1ec1 Lightning Network? V\u00e0 nghe phong thanh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Bitcoin giao d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng Lightning l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi Bitcoin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topic-guide"],"yoast_head":"\nLightning Network l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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