{"id":4068,"date":"2019-12-06T15:05:23","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T08:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.bitcoinvn.io\/?p=4068"},"modified":"2019-12-18T16:30:38","modified_gmt":"2019-12-18T09:30:38","slug":"co-che-dong-thuan-cua-tien-dien-tu-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/vi\/co-che-dong-thuan-cua-tien-dien-tu-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (consensus) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong blockchain n\u1eafm m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch blockchain, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong giao d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h2>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, mong mu\u1ed1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t hay \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Khi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Blockchain<\/a> s\u1ebd g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0\u00a0Proof of Work\u00a0(PoW), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1edfi Satoshi Nakamoto. Thu\u1eadn to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a blockchain l\u00e0\u00a0peer to peer\u00a0(P2P) ngang h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 nhau. Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Bitcoin to\u00e0n t\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi A-Z<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i to\u00e1n hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i n\u00ean m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau:<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i to\u00e1n hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n (Two generals problem) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\"Ch\u00fa
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: T\u01b0\u1edbng A1 | T\u01b0\u1edbng A2 | K\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch B.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng A1 mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi A2 l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o B v\u00e0o l\u00fac 7h ng\u00e0y 21\/10 th\u00ec A1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng A2 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng A2 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o B l\u00e0 7h ng\u00e0y 21-10 nh\u01b0ng A2 v\u1eabn nghi ng\u1edd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i A1 g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng, hay l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch B g\u1eedi, A2 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i A1 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u00e0i to\u00e1n hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c Node – hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00f4ng tin g\u1eedi \u0111i nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Node kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c Kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. Khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap kh\u1edbp l\u1ec7nh giao d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n\u00a0Oral Messages (OM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00ean thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00ed l\u1ed7i \u2013 Byantine fault tolerance (BFT) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed l\u1ed7i\u00a0 – Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT)<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng . C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t sinh khi hai nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o khi h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian th\u1ecfa giao d\u1ecbch. Gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c Node ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 khi c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\"Thu\u1eadt
Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i – Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i BFT v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn?<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 PoW & PoS.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (PoW) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean Cryptocurrency, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Bitcoin<\/a> v\u00e0 Litecoin. PoW y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ( th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ecf ) ch\u1ee9ng minh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111i l\u00e0m 8 ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5m v\u00e2n tay check-out sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eady. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Proof of Work cho m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (PoS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a PoS c\u0169ng \u00edt h\u01a1n PoW n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PoW. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi cryptocurrency ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Ethereum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n PoW, PoS gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi blockchain.<\/p>\n

Tham gia ngay c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0BitcoinVN\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh nh\u1ea5t:\u00a0https:\/\/t.me\/bitcoinvn_community<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong blockchain n\u1eafm m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch blockchain, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong giao d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-4068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topic-guide","tag-blockchain"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (consensus) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed blockchain - BV Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong blockchain n\u1eafm m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch blockchain, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 minh 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