{"id":134202,"date":"2026-05-02T11:16:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T04:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/?p=134202"},"modified":"2026-05-02T11:17:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T04:17:26","slug":"cuoc-tranh-luan-bitcoin-op_return","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/vi\/cuoc-tranh-luan-bitcoin-op_return\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn Bitcoin OP_RETURN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2025, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c: N\u00ean gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean hay d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80 byte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch (m\u00e3 OP_RETURN)? Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 b\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 80 byte l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000 byte, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i&#8221; n\u0103m 2017, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 60% c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e3 OP_RETURN.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a anh Hugo Nguy\u1ec5n &#8211; nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Nunchuck v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho giao th\u1ee9c Bitcoin. Chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a anh \u00edt t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. M\u1eddi b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><b>M\u00e3 OP_RETURN l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y <\/span><b>OP_RETURN<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eddi nh\u1eafn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean th\u00ec <\/span><b>v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a s\u1eeda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o h\u00f4m nay. B\u1ea1n ghi ch\u00fa ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o OP_RETURN. 10 n\u0103m sau, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 OP_RETURN:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80 byte:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Bitcoin ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn <\/span><b>si\u00eau ng\u1eafn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn Bitcoin th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u00e3i r\u00e1c\u201d ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt\u201d:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> V\u00ec 80 byte l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (nh\u01b0 Taproot) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng file n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi 4MB (g\u1ea5p 50.000 l\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n) v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng giao d\u1ecbch Bitcoin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c <\/span><b>th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e0o Bitcoin quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cnh\u00e9t\u201d d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>C\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u<\/b><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Phe \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng OP_RETURN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Phe ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng OP_RETURN<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (nh\u01b0 Taproot), vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng OP_RETURN s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>Nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00ecnh to Blockchain:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> N\u1ebfu m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c node n\u00ean d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i minh b\u1ea1ch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>R\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> K\u1ebb x\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i\/b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ean Bitcoin, g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh node.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp 2 (Layer 2) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00fang c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>L\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bitcoin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bitcoin n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m \u201cti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7\u201d thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80 byte ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 &#8220;v\u1ebd chuy\u1ec7n&#8221;: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ai tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cao. C\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00eam ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng tin r\u00e1c (spam) ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 1%. Vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i r\u1ed3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a anh Hugo Nguy\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Bitcoin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 <\/span><b>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social Scalability)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00fap Bitcoin duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo chuy\u00ean gia <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hugomofn\/status\/1972201710107136009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Hugo Nguyen (Nunchuk)<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Bitcoin n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nhau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 2017 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/nakamotoinstitute.org\/library\/money-blockchains-and-social-scalability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/a>\u201d c\u1ee7a Nick Szabo, \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quen bi\u1ebft hay tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bitcoin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1edd tri\u1ebft l\u00fd: <\/span><b>G\u1ee1 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thay v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ean trung gian d\u1ec5 sai s\u00f3t nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, Bitcoin v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt minh b\u1ea1ch:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X\u00e1c minh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> M\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Proof-of-Work).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n &#8220;xin ph\u00e9p&#8221; hay \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Bitcoin c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tin nhau &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-134198 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/bitcoin-op-return-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/bitcoin-op-return-02.jpg 800w, https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/bitcoin-op-return-02-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bitcoinvn.io\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/bitcoin-op-return-02-768x526.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><b>T\u1ea1i sao gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80 byte l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u00e2y th\u01a1\u201d?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OP_RETURN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, anh Hugo Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u OP_RETURN \u1edf m\u1ee9c 80 byte l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u00e2y th\u01a1\u201d. \u1ede quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf &#8211; khi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tin c\u1eady th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng <\/span><b>\u1edf quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch), nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u00e0o. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Taproot \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e9t t\u1edbi 4MB d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng &#8220;lu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m&#8221;<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay v\u00ec tranh c\u00e3i n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 80 byte hay 100.000 byte, Anh Hugo \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a Bitcoin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay: <\/span><b>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Proof-of-Work (B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c) t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 l\u1ecdc r\u00e1c:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf cho th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u00e1c (spam) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>An ninh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> M\u1ecdi quy t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (PoW) \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ng\u00f3 l\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Bitcoin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1edd t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng OP_RETURN c\u00f2n gay g\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Bitcoin. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ra sao, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Bitcoin: phi t\u1eadp trung, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o <\/span><b>lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> thay v\u00ec <\/span><b>lu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap Bitcoin gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2025, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c: N\u00ean gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean hay d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 80 byte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch (m\u00e3 OP_RETURN)? Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 b\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 80 byte l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000 byte, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u00f4 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":134199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3813],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn Bitcoin OP_RETURN - BV Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ea1i sao gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n OP_RETURN l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u00e2y th\u01a1\u201d? 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